BIV ( Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, and Violet). Tetrachromats have a fourth type of cone featuring a photopigment that allows perception of more colors that aren’t on the typically visible spectrum. Different types of photopigments react to certain color wavelengths that they’re sensitive to, which results in your ability to perceive those colors. This molecule is known as 11-cis retinal. Photopigments are made of a protein called opsin and a molecule that’s sensitive to light. Photopigments in these three types of cones give you the ability to perceive the full spectrum of color. This is known as the theory of trichromacy. Long-wave (L) cones: sensitive to colors with long wavelengths, such as red and orange.
Middle-wave (M) cones: sensitive to colors with medium wavelengths, such as yellow and green.Short-wave (S) cones: sensitive to colors with short wavelengths, such as purple and blue.The typical person has three types of cones in the retina that allow them to see various colors on the spectrum: Let’s learn more about how tetrachromacy stacks up against typical trichromatic vision, what causes tetrachromacy, and how you can find out if you have it. This is due to inherited abnormalities in their cones. They’re actually more likely to be colorblind, or unable to perceive as many colors as women. Men aren’t as likely to be tetrachromats. A 2010 study suggested that nearly 12 percent of women may have this fourth color perception channel. Research has shown that it’s more common in women than in men. Tetrachromacy is thought to be rare among human beings. This color visualization system is known as trichromacy (“three colors”).īut some evidence exists that there are people who have four distinct color perception channels. Most people, as well as other primates like gorillas, orangutans, and chimpanzees (and even some marsupials), only see color through three different types of cones.
Cones are responsible for your ability to see colors. Rods are sensitive to light and are important for allowing you to see in the dark. They’re located inside the retina, the layer of thin tissue at the back of your eyeball near your optic nerve.
Ultra Boy - Ultra Boy was a superhero who had powers similar to Superboy, including a version of x-ray vision called Penetra-Vision.Your eyes have components called rods and cones that help you see light and colors. 
Olga Mesmer - Olga Mesmer is the first superhero to have this power. Superman - Superman is the most famous superhero to possess x-ray vision. the x-ray vision is quite a literal name, meaning that in using it there is a risk of spreading an unhealthy amount of radiation. However, this can also be used to an advantage in one instance, the Joker plotted to use coffins lined with lead to hide bombs from Superman, but Superman was able to identify which coffins contained bombs by checking which he couldn't see though. In the case of Superman, his x-ray vision cannot see through lead. Sometimes, there are objects that cannot be seen through. Later, in the film Superman, the title character reveals that his power allowed him to know the color of her underwear. Later, this power would become the reason that Superman did not join World War II, as Superman tried to enlist in the military as Clark Kent, only to accidentally use his x-ray vision during the eye test and read the eye chart in the room over. Superman used his x-ray powers for the first time in 1939 in Action Comics #11. Olga, a half alien living on Earth, uses her x-ray eyes to fight crime. Though Superman is the most iconic superhero with this power, the first major comic hero with x-ray vision was Olga Mesmer in the pulp magazine comic strip Spicy Mysteries. In most cases, the power of what can be seen through is selective, making it seem to the user that some matter has become transparent and the images the user sees have a level of clarity and detail that would be unavailable to actual x-rays, including color and space. Any superhero with actual x-ray eyes might be seen as less heroic if he were casually exposing people to x-rays and risking their health. In many cases, this is because x-rays (or x-radiation) can be harmful to humans if one is over-exposed. It should be noted that the power is not always literally x-ray vision, but a shorthand for the power to see through solid matter. It is the ability to see through opaque matter as if it were transparent. X-Ray Vision (also referred to as penetration vision and transparent vision) is a common superpower among superheroes. Ultra Boy and Superboy use their ability to see through matter to discover each other's identities.
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